Mogok Stone Tract (1888年英国皇家地理学会地图）

原产于缅甸的红宝石自古以来一直被认为是世界上最高品质的红宝石。在1962年以“缅军之父”奈温发动军事政变后领导的军政府接管和封锁矿区以前的7个世纪里（一直追溯到马可波罗所处的蒙元-欧洲中世纪时期，甚至到更早的汉唐-罗马帝国时期），缅甸北部的Mogok地区一直是世界红宝石生产之都。1886年，该地区被入侵的英国人接管，对于红宝石的开采开始进入更有序、机械化的极端。

从19世纪到20世纪初叶（1960年或二战结束之前），很多文章记录、分析了缅甸的红宝石矿藏情况。下面是一些列表，以飧读者：

1. An Account of a Map of Koshanpri, F. Hamilton, Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 20, pp. 246-250, (1824). An early description of the location of the ruby mines, accompanied by a simple map.
2. Account of Mr. [John] Crawford’s Mission to Ava, Author unknown, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, Vol. 3, (July-September), pp. 359-370, (1827). A brief description of the ruby and sapphire gem mines near Mo-gat (Mogok) and Kyat-pyan that were five days journey from Ava (near present-day Mandalay).   The information was taken from a report by a British diplomat on a mission to the Kingdom of Ava (in central Burma) in 1826-1827.
3. Narrative of the Proceedings and Scientific Observations of the Late Mission to Ava, Author unknown, Edinburgh Journal of Science, Vol. 8, No. 15, pp. 10-25, (1828). This report of a diplomatic mission to the Kingdom of Ava contains a brief description of the ruby and sapphire mines.
4. A Short Description of the Mines of Precious Stones in the District of Kyatpyin, in the Kingdom of Ava, P.G. d’Amato, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. 2, No. 14, pp. 75-76, (1833). Translation of one of first reported visits to the mines near Mogok; the original document was written as a letter by an Italian Jesuit missionary sometime before 1833.
5. Memorandum on the Metals and Minerals of Upper Burma, G.A. Strover, Chemical News, Vol. 38, No. 724, pp. 187-190, (1873). A brief report that presents a summary of the mineral resources of the country.
6. The Ruby Mines of Burmah, Author unknown, Chambers’s Journal, Vol. 4, No. 167, pp. 166-167, (1887). A brief description of ruby mining around Mogok is presented.
7. The Ruby Mines of Burma, G.S. Streeter, Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society, Vol. 3, No. 7-12, pp. 216-220, (1887). The article describes the British military advance on the Mogok Stone Tract and provides details on the topography, geology and inhabitants of the region involved in the mining of ruby and other gem minerals. Similar reports published by the author in the same year can be found in Murray's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 669-678, Littell's Living Age, Vol. 173, No. 2243, pp. 756-761, and the Library Magazine, Vol. 3, pp. 517–524.
8. On the Ruby Mines near Mogok, Burma, R. Gordon, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 261-275, (1888). The upper portions of Burma were annexed to the British Empire in 1886, which resulted in the region being opened to exploration and commercial enterprises by Europeans for the first time. This article presents a summary of a survey expedition into the region around Mogok, including information on the various ethnic groups in the area and the different mining methods used by the local people to recover rubies. Similar articles by the same author were published in 1889 in the Revue Britannique, pp. 139-154 and the Asiatic Quarterly Review, Vol. 7, pp. 410-423 (the latter reprinted in Littell’s Living Age, Vol.67, No. 2353, pp. 280-286).
9. The Burma Ruby Mining Company, Author unknown, The Economist, Vol. 50, No. 2, p. 970, (1892). This short report describes the beginning and promising future of the ruby mining company in 1889, followed several years later by the failure to recover enough rubies to pay its operating expenses and the debts and royalties it owed to the Indian government for rights to operate a mining concession.
10. City Built on Rubies, W.G. Fitz-Gerald, Technical World Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 476-483, (1907). A popular account (including photographs) is given of the ruby mining operations in the vicinity of Mogok.
11. How the World's Great Gem Mines were Discovered, J.L. Cowan, Pacific Monthly, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 545-556, (1911). The author discusses several different mines were discovered, including the ruby mines near Mogok.
12. The Home of the Pigeon-Blood Ruby, L. Claremont, Knowledge – A Monthly Record of Science, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 1-7, (1915). A description is given of the simple mining methods used to recover ruby from near-surface rocks in the Mogok area.
13. Notes on a Visit to the Burma Ruby Mines, R.R. Simpson, Transactions of the Mining and Geological Institute of India, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 42-58, (1922). The geological setting and ruby mining operations around Mogok are summarized.
14. A Geographical Classification of the Mineral Deposits of Burma, J.C. Brown, Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. 56, Pt. 1, pp. 79-82, (1924). This article presents a geologic description of the gem deposits near Mogok.
15. Burma: An Important Source of Precious and Semi-precious Stones, A.B. Calhoun, Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 127, No. 18, pp. 708-712, (1929). A discussion is presented of Burma as a source of gem materials.
16. The Geology and Gem-stones of the Mogok Stone Tract, Burma, L.A.N. Iyer, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. 82, pp. 8-100, (1953). The article presents a detailed description of the gem mining area around Mogok.
17. The Rubies of Burma: A Review of the Mogok Stone Tract, P.C. Keller, Gems & Gemology, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 209-219, (1983). The author describes the location, geologic setting and mining of ruby in the Mogok Stone Tract, and he summarizes the gemological features of Mogok ruby.
18. Gemstones Formed by Low-Pressure Regional Metamorphism: The Ruby Deposits of Mogok, Burma, P.C. Keller, "Gemstones and Their Origins," pp. 87-99, (1990). A chapter of this book on gem deposits is devoted to a description of the ruby mines near Mogok.
19. The Great Corundums - Part II: The Pigeon-Blood Rubies of Burma, D.S.M. Field, Canadian Gemmologist, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 72-77, (1992). A summary is given of a presentation made by the author on the history and status of the ruby tract around Mogok.
20. Business and Empire: A Reassessment of the British Conquest of Burma in 1885, A. Webster, The Historical Journal, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 1003-1025, (2000). A historical study of the British conquest of Burma in the late 1880s.
21. Robert Gordon and the Rubies of Mogok: Industrial Capitalism, Imperialism and Technology in Conjunction, J. Walsh, Asian Culture and History, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 94-100, (2011). A historical study of the efforts of a British explorer to bring the Burma ruby mines into the British Empire in the late 1880s by building a railway. It also reviews efforts made to pacify the countryside and its people.
22. Rock Talk – A Mogok Geology Primer, W. Atichat and R.W. Hughes, InColor Magazine, No. 24, pp. 46-50, (2013). The authors review the complicated geological setting of the Mogok gem deposits.